Cultivation of pollinator-dependent crops has expanded globally, increasing our reliance on
insect pollination. This essential ecosystem service is provided by a wide range of managed …

BACKGROUND The species richness of wild bees and other pollinators has declined over
the past 50 years, with some species undergoing major declines and a few going extinct …

Land use and related pressures have reduced local terrestrial biodiversity, but it is unclear
how the magnitude of change relates to the recently proposed planetary boundary (“safe …

Human activities, especially conversion and degradation of habitats, are causing global
biodiversity declines. How local ecological assemblages are responding is less clear—a …

Research on urban insect pollinators is changing views on the biological value and
ecological importance of cities. The abundance and diversity of native bee species in urban …

Urban landscapes are spatially constrained, and vegetative land uses that provide
beneficial ecosystem services are difficult to maintain. Urban agricultural (UA) systems …

Bumble bees (Bombus) are unusually important pollinators, with approximately 260 wild
species native to all biogeographic regions except sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, and New …

There is considerable and ongoing debate as to the harm inflicted on bees by exposure to
agricultural pesticides. In part, the lack of consensus reflects a shortage of information on …

Growing evidence for declines in bee populations has caused great concern because of the
valuable ecosystem services they provide. Neonicotinoid insecticides have been implicated …

Highlights•In 20 years neonicotinoids have become the most widely used class of
insecticides.•Neonicotinoids have transformed the agrochemical landscape for …