Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is one of six known
mechanisms employed by solid tumors to recruit blood vessels necessary for their initiation …

Modern cancer therapy has successfully cured many cancers and converted a terminal
illness into a chronic disease. Because cancer patients often have coexisting heart …

Angiogenesis is a significant event in a wide range of healthy and diseased conditions. This
process frequently involves vasodilation and an increase in vascular permeability …

Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all types of cancer in women, and triple negative breast
cancer (TNBC) comprises around 15~ 20% of breast cancers. Conventional chemotherapy …

Intratumor heterogeneity is a major clinical problem because tumor cell subtypes display
variable sensitivity to therapeutics and may play different roles in progression. We previously …

Combination therapies consisting of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anti-VEGF therapy
show enhanced antitumor activity and are approved treatments for patients with renal cell …

Background Treatment options for women presenting with triple negative breast cancer
(TNBC) are limited due to the lack of a therapeutic target and as a result, are managed with …

The advent of HER2-directed therapies has significantly improved the outlook for patients
with HER2-positive early stage breast cancer. However, a significant proportion of these …

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular
subtypes that respond differentially to chemotherapy and targeted agents. The absence of …

Triple‐negative breast cancer, characterized by tumors that do not express estrogen
receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or HER‐2 genes, represents an important clinical …