There are many age-associated changes in the respiratory and pulmonary immune system.
These changes include decreases in the volume of the thoracic cavity, reduced lung …

The ventilation of the lung ranges between 1,000 and 21,000 liters per 24 hours in humans
depending on body size and physical activity. This exposes the extensive epithelial surface …

Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and
informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to …

The IARC Monographs series publishes authoritative independent assessments by
international experts of the carcinogenic risks posed to humans by a variety of agents …

The relation between the concentrations and characteristics of air contaminants in the work
place and the resultant toxic doses and potential hazards after their inhalation depends …

The nasal mucociliary clearance system transports the mucus layer that covers the nasal
epithelium towards the nasopharynx by ciliary beating. Its function is to protect the …

1. Cough can (a) be an important defense mechanism to help clear excessive secretions
and foreign material from airways;(b) be an important factor in the spread of infection;(c) …

To examine the changes in airways in bronchial asthma (BA) during an asthma attack
causing death, we performed morphometric analysis of autopsied lungs from three …

There is a growing population of older adults requiring admission to the intensive care unit
(ICU). This population outpaces the ability of clinicians with geriatric training to assist in their …

Background Whereas cilia damage and reduced cilia beat frequency have been implicated
as causative of reduced mucociliary clearance in smokers, theoretically mucociliary …