The breakthrough of 3D printing in biomedical research has paved the way for the next
evolutionary step referred to as four dimensional (4D) printing. This new concept utilizes the …

Various properties of chitosan can be customized by thiolation for very specific needs in a
wide range of application areas. Since the discovery of thiolated chitosans, many studies …

Introduction Intravesical instillation is preferred over the systemic route of administration, as
an efficient route of drug administration to treat bladder cancer. However, the periodic …

Thiomers (or thiolated polymers) have broken through as avant-garde approaches in
anticancer therapy. Their distinguished reactivity and properties, closely linked to their final …

Advances in nanotechnology have generated a broad range of nanoparticles (NPs) for
numerous biomedical applications. Among the various properties of NPs are functionalities …

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic bladder
disorder with limited therapeutic options currently available. The present review provides an …

Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common type of cancer worldwide, affecting up to four
times more men than women. Depending on the stage of the tumor, different therapy …

The viscous and elastic mucus layer is still an undesirable barrier for oral insulin delivery. To
solve the problem, virus-mimicking nanosized polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) was designed …

Mucoadhesion is a complex process that is mainly provided by the polymers. It involves
wetting, adsorption, and interpenetration of polymer chains among other processes …

Oral delivery is considered the preferred route of administration due to its convenience and
favorable compliance. However, this delivery often faces difficulties, such as poor solubility …