Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) are ubiquitous oscillatory flow phenomena observed in
toroidal magnetic confinement fusion plasmas, such as tokamaks and stellarators. They are …

The present status of zonal flow experiments is reviewed with the historical process to attain
the concept of zonal flows, which provides a new framework for understanding turbulence …

Experimental drift turbulence and zonal flow studies in magnetically confined plasma
experiments are reviewed. The origins of drift waves, transition to drift turbulence and drift …

Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) were investigated on the T-10 tokamak using heavy ion
beam probe, correlation reflectometry and multipin Langmuir probe diagnostics. Regimes …

Zonal flows, which means azimuthally symmetric band-like shear flows, are ubiquitous
phenomena in nature and the laboratory. It is now widely recognized that zonal flows are a …

Geodesic acoustic modes (GAM) are shown to constitute a continuous spectrum due to
radial inhomogeneities. The importance and theoretical as well as experimental implications …

The toroidal symmetry of the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) zonal flows is identified with
toroidally distributed three step Langmuir probes at the edge of the HuanLiuqi-2A …

Heavy ion beam probing (HIBP) is a unique diagnostics to study the core plasma potential
and turbulence. Advanced HIBPs operate in the T-10 tokamak and TJ-II flexible heliac with …

In this Letter, we report analyses of spatiotemporal dynamics of turbulence and structure in
the limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) that precedes an L-to-H transition. Zonal flows are not …

The present status of experiments on zonal flows in magnetic confinement experiments is
examined. The innovative use of traditional and modern diagnostics has revealed …