The central nervous system (CNS) underlies memory, perception, decision-making, and
behavior in numerous organisms. However, neural networks have no monopoly on the …

Direct-current (DC) electric fields are present in all developing and regenerating animal
tissues, yet their existence and potential impact on tissue repair and development are …

Cell signaling plays a key role in the development of all multicellular organisms. Numerous
studies have established the importance of Hedgehog signaling in a wide variety of …

Vertebrate gap junctions, composed of proteins from the connexin gene family, play critical
roles in embryonic development, co-ordinated contraction of excitable cells, tissue …

The vertebrate body plan has conserved handed left-right (LR) asymmetry that is manifested
in the heart, lungs, and gut. Leftward flow of extracellular fluid at the node (nodal flow) is …

Gap junctions are specialized membrane domains composed of collections of channels that
directly connect neighboring cells providing for the cell-to-cell diffusion of small molecules …

Fertilization calcium waves are introduced, and the evidence from which we can infer
general mechanisms of these waves is presented. The two main classes of hypotheses put …

The generation of morphological, such as left–right, asymmetry during development is an
integral part of the establishment of a body plan. Until recently, the molecular basis of left …

Embryonic morphogenesis occurs along three orthogonal axes. While the patterning of the
anterior–posterior and dorsal–ventral axes has been increasingly well characterized, the left …

A pharmacological screen identified the H+ and K+ ATPase transporter as obligatory for
normal orientation of the left-right body axis in Xenopus. Maternal H+/K+-ATPase mRNA is …