BACKGROUND Biomolecular mechanisms are typically inferred from static structural
“snapshots” obtained by x-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) …

Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is one of the most
general and adaptable single-molecule techniques. Despite the explosive growth in the …

Fluorescence provides a mechanism for achieving contrast in biological imaging that
enables investigations of molecular structure, dynamics, and function at high spatial and …

Recent advances in far-field optical nanoscopy have enabled fluorescence imaging with a
spatial resolution of 20 to 50 nanometers. Multicolor super-resolution imaging, however …

Ever since their introduction two decades ago, single-molecule (SM) fluorescence methods
have matured and branched out to address numerous biological questions, which were …

A complete understanding of a protein-folding mechanism requires description of the
distribution of microscopic pathways that connect the folded and unfolded states. This …

Feynman commented that “Everything that living things do can be understood in terms of the
jiggling and wiggling of atoms”. Proteins can jiggle and wiggle large structural elements …

In this article, we demonstrate the new method of pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE), which
can be used to extend the capabilities of multiple-color fluorescence imaging, fluorescence …

Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime
imaging (FLIM) have moved center stage and are increasingly forming part of multifaceted …

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a donor (D) and an acceptor (A) at
the single-molecule level currently provides qualitative information about distance, and …