Training of the trunk or core muscles for enhanced health, rehabilitation, and athletic
performance has received renewed emphasis. Instability resistance exercises have become …

In the 10 years since the current concept series entitled “The Disabled Throwing Shoulder:
Spectrum of Pathology” was conceived and written, many studies have been reported that …

The overhead throwing motion is a coordinated effort of muscle units from the entire body,
culminating with explosive motion of the upper extremity. The throwing motion occurs at a …

Background Controversy exists about whether breaking pitches are more stressful than are
fastballs. Previous biomechanical studies compared kinematics but not kinetics. Hypothesis …

Context: Baseball pitching kinematics, kinetics, ball velocity, and injuries at the shoulder and
elbow are related. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed and Sport Discus were searched for …

The aim of this study was to compare within-individual variability in baseball pitching among
various levels of competition. It was hypothesized that variability decreases as level of …

Overarm movements are essential skills in many different sport games; however, the
adaptations to different sports are not well understood. The aim of the study was to analyze …

The purpose of this study was to quantify ranges and speeds of movement, from shoulder
external rotation to ball impact, in the tennis service actions of world class players. Two …

In team-handball competition, the players utilize various throwing techniques that differ in
the lower body movements (with and without run-up or jump). These different lower body …

The purpose of this study was to clarify differences in the kinematic and kinetic profiles of the
trunk and lower extremities during baseball pitching in collegiate baseball pitchers, in …