Adaptive radiation refers to diversification from an ancestral species that produces
descendants adapted to use a great variety of distinct ecological niches. In this review, I …

Understanding what aspects of evolution are predictable, and repeatable, is a central goal of
biology. Studying phenotypic convergence (the independent evolution of similar traits in …

Background Analyses of speciation genes–genes that contribute to the cessation of gene
flow between populations–can offer clues regarding the ecological settings, evolutionary …

Although animal pollination is often proposed as a major driver of floral divergence,
questions remain about its importance in plant speciation. One issue is whether pollinator …

The tremendous diversity in flower color among angiosperms implies that there have been
numerous evolutionary transitions in this character. The conventional wisdom is that a large …

Animal-mediated pollination is essential in plant reproductive biology and is often
associated with pollination syndromes, sets of floral traits, such as color, scent, shape, or …

Convergent phenotypes provide extremely valuable systems for studying the genetics of
new adaptations. Accumulating studies on this topic have reported surprising cases of …

Background Fruit coloration of red-skinned grapevines is mainly due to anthocyanin
pigments. We analysed a panel of nine cultivars that included extreme phenotypes for berry …

Climate change poses a serious threat to species persistence. Effective modelling of
evolutionary responses to rapid climate change is therefore essential. In this review we …

Differences in floral traits among plant species have often been attributed to adaptation to
pollinators. We explored the importance of pollinator shifts in explaining floral divergence …