Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …

Newly endocytosed integral cell surface proteins are typically either directed for degradation
or subjected to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The sorting of integral cell surface …

Autophagosome biogenesis involves de novo formation of a membrane that elongates to
sequester cytoplasmic cargo and closes to form a double-membrane vesicle (an …

Autophagosome biogenesis is a dynamic membrane event, which is executed by the
sequential function of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Upon autophagy induction, a cup …

Inactivation of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery has
been reported to cause autophagic defects, but the exact functions of ESCRT proteins in …

The biogenesis of mammalian autophagosomes remains to be fully defined. Here, we used
cellular and in vitro membrane fusion analyses to show that autophagosomes are formed …

ATG9A is a multispanning membrane protein essential for autophagy. Normally resident in
Golgi membranes and endosomes, during amino acid starvation, ATG9A traffics to sites of …

The de novo generation of double-membrane autophagosomes is the hallmark of
autophagy. The initial membranous precursor cisterna, the phagophore, is very likely …

Excessive generation and accumulation of highly reactive oxidizing molecules causes
oxidative stress and oxidative damage to cellular components. Accumulating evidence …

Summary Syntaxin 17 (Stx17) has been implicated in autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Here, we report that Stx17 functions in assembly of protein complexes during autophagy …