Water scarcity has been a global challenge for many countries over the past decades, and
as a result, reverse osmosis (RO) has emerged as a promising and cost-effective tool for …

Pretreatment of raw feed water is an essential step for proper functioning of a reverse
osmosis (RO) desalination plant as it minimizes the risk of membrane fouling. Conventional …

Because of the uneven distribution of fresh water in time and space, a large number of
regions are experiencing water scarcity and stress. Membrane based desalination …

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes, especially polyamide (PA) ones, are widely applied in water
treatment, food processing, and resource recovery thanks to their excellent separation …

Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems are continuously challenged with biofouling of
polyamide membranes that are used almost exclusively for these desalination techniques …

Membrane technology has been a reliable choice for liquid separations over the years due
to its ease of manufacturing, user-friendly operation, and higher selectivity. Innovative …

Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) is a complex and destructive phenomenon that
occurs in various sectors, involving the interaction between microorganisms and metal …

Biocides are widely used in water treatment for microbiological control. The rise of
antimicrobial resistance and the need to assure properly managed water systems require a …

Biofouling of polyamide membranes is one of the main barriers faced by reverse osmosis
(RO) technologies to supply fresh water. Currently, biofouling is addressed by feed water …

In this study, a biofouling index based on the relative pressure drop is presented to
quantitatively evaluate the amount of fouling in spacer-filled membrane filtration channels …