The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed,
with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. There is
much evidence showing that a high level of mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen …

The global prevalence of eye diseases continues to grow, bringing with it a reduction in the
activity levels and quality of life of patients, and partial or complete blindness if left untreated …

Background This study aims to develop a diabetic retinopathy (DR) hazard nomogram for a
Chinese population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We …

There have been attempts to evaluate the roles of vitamins for the prevention or treatment of
eye conditions, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic …

Purpose To investigate the associations between circulating micronutrients (vitamins A, C,
D, E, and carotenoids) and risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Design Cross-sectional study …

Background and aims This study aimed to determine the associations between vitamin D
deficiency and diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …

Aims This study aimed to investigate the association between circulating levels of vitamin D
binding protein (VDBP) and its genotypes and diabetic retinopathy risk. Methods This case …

Background and aim Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of
diabetes, and it is the main cause of global vision loss. The current observational research …

Purpose To compare serum vitamin D (25 (OH) D) levels according to the presence of
diabetic macular edema (DME) in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients with different retinopathy …