Traditional hydrogels are strong candidates for biomedical applications; however, they may
suffer from drawbacks such as weak mechanics, static properties, and an inability to fully …

Significant advances in materials, microscale technology, and stem cell biology have
enabled the construction of 3D tissues and organs, which will ultimately lead to more …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although investment in
drug discovery and development has been sky-rocketing, the number of approved drugs has …

Therapeutic options for neurological disorders currently remain limited. The intrinsic
complexity of the brain architecture prevents potential therapeutics from reaching their …

Bridging the gap between findings in preclinical 2D cell culture models and in vivo tissue
cultures has been challenging; the simple microenvironment of 2D monolayer culture …

Vascular systems are responsible for various physiological and pathological processes
related to all organs in vivo, and the survival of engineered tissues for enough nutrient …

From microscaled capillaries to millimeter‐sized vessels, human vasculature spans multiple
scales and cell types. The convergence of bioengineering, materials science, and stem cell …

Bio‐hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that
could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio‐hybrid robots consist of synthetic …

Hydrogel-based artificial scaffolds play a vital role in shifting in vitro models from two-
dimensional (2D) cell culture to three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Microfluidic 3D cell …

Microvasculature functions at the tissue and cell level, regulating local mass exchange of
oxygen and nutrient-rich blood. While there has been considerable success in the …