Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a degenerative disease manifesting a combination of
parkinsonism, cerebellar, pyramidal, and autonomic (including urinary, sexual, and …

Clinical neurophysiologic examination of the pelvic floor is performed worldwide, but there is
no consensus on the choice of tests, nor on technical details of individual methods …

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare results of electromyographic
assessment of muscular recruitment between nulliparous control subjects without pelvic …

The neurophysiological techniques currently available to evaluate anorectal disorders
include concentric needle electromyography (EMG) of the external anal sphincter, anal …

Entrapment of the pudendal nerve may be at the origin of chronic perineal pain. This
syndrome must be diagnosed because this can result in the indication of surgical …

Objectives: This study evaluates the method of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
of the bulbocavemosus reflex (BCR) with reference to stimulation and detection. Methods …

The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) is mediated by the sacral somatic afferent/efferent
periphery as well as the sacral cord. Unfortunately, the reflex has suffered from a partly …

OBJECTIVE: Fecal incontinence in women is thought to be associated with sphincter
laceration or pudendal nerve damage. A prolonged pudendal nerve terminal motor latency …

Neurophysiological tests of anorectal function can provide useful information regarding the
integrity of neuronal innervation, as well as neuromuscular function. This information can …

Objectives: Electromyography (EMG) of the external anal sphincter (EAS) is important in the
evaluation of conus/cauda lesions, the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism and anal …