Despite a growing body of evidence, the distinct contributions of biological sex and the
sociocultural dimension of gender to the manifestations and outcomes of ischaemic heart …

Metabolic homeostasis operates differently in men and women. This sex asymmetry is the
result of evolutionary adaptations that enable women to resist loss of energy stores and …

Critical illness in COVID-19 is an extreme and clinically homogeneous disease phenotype
that we have previously shown to be highly efficient for discovery of genetic associations …

Most complex human traits differ by sex, but we have limited insight into the underlying
mechanisms. Here, we investigated the influence of biological sex on protein expression …

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic
variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care or hospitalization,–after …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aim to identify common genetic variants that are
associated with traits and diseases. Since 2005, more than 5,000 GWAS have been …

Sex differences in complex traits are suspected to be in part due to widespread gene-by-sex
interactions (GxSex), but empirical evidence has been elusive. Here, we infer the mixture of …

Sex differences have been widely observed in human health. However, little is known about
the underlying mechanism behind these observed sex differences. We hypothesize that sex …

The rules and structure of human culture impact health as much as genetics or environment.
To study these relationships, we combine ancient DNA (n= 230), skeletal metrics (n= 391) …

Phenotypic sex-based differences exist for many complex traits. In other cases, phenotypes
may be similar, but underlying biology may vary. Thus, sex-aware genetic analyses are …