All nervous systems are subject to neuromodulation. Neuromodulators can be delivered as
local hormones, as cotransmitters in projection neurons, and through the general circulation …

Neuromodulation underlies many behavioral states and has been extensively studied in
small circuits. This has allowed the systematic exploration of how neuromodulatory …

Studies of the stomatogastric nervous systems of lobsters and crabs have led to numerous
insights into the cellular and circuit mechanisms that generate rhythmic motor patterns. The …

The electrical characteristics of many neurons are remarkably robust in the face of changing
internal and external conditions. At the same time, neurons can be highly sensitive to …

The ability of distinct anatomical circuits to generate multiple behavioral patterns is
widespread among vertebrate and invertebrate species. These multifunctional neuronal …

How different are the neuronal circuits for a given behavior across individual animals? To
address this question, we measured multiple cellular and synaptic parameters in individual …

All network dynamics emerge from the complex interaction between the intrinsic membrane
properties of network neurons and their synaptic connections. Nervous systems contain …

Crustaceans have long been used for peptide research. For example, the process of
neurosecretion was first formally demonstrated in the crustacean X-organ–sinus gland …

The stomatogastric ganglion of the crab, Cancer borealis, is modulated by> 20 different
substances, including numerous neuropeptides. One of these peptides, proctolin, activates …

Which features of network output are well preserved during growth of the nervous system
and across different preparations of the same size? To address this issue, we characterized …