The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER
stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore …

Kaempferol, also known as kaempferol‑3 or kaempferide, is a flavonoid compound that
naturally occurs in tea, as well as numerous common vegetables and fruits, including beans …

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small organic compound whose concentration in blood
increases after ingesting dietary l-carnitine and phosphatidylcholine. Recent clinical studies …

Immune responses occur in the midst of a variety of cellular stresses that can severely
perturb endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. The unfolded protein response is a three …

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-derived metabolite, has recently emerged as a
candidate risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other adverse health outcomes …

Objective Dietary l-carnitine can be metabolized by intestinal microbiota to trimethylamine,
which is absorbed by the gut and further oxidized to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the …

Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and
aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important …

Atherosclerosis is associated with various pathological manifestations, such as ischemic
heart disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease, and remains a leading …

Misfolding of proteins is the basis of several proteinopathies. Chemical and pharmacological
chaperones are small molecules capable of inducing the correct conformation of proteins …

Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are related states that can occur in
cells as part of normal physiology but occur frequently in diseases involving inflammation. In …