Background Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR)
literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this …

Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure by an
immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation of the membranes lining the nose (1). It was …

Rationale: For many patients with asthma, allergic airway inflammation is primarily a Th2-
weighted process; however, heterogeneity in patterns of inflammation suggests phenotypic …

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis represents a global health problem affecting 10% to 20% of
the population. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines have been …

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions to inhaled
allergens and is one of the most common chronic conditions globally. AR often co-occurs …

Allergic inflammation is due to a complex interplay between several inflammatory cells,
including mast cells, basophils, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and sometimes …

Allergic individuals exposed to minute quantities of allergen experience an immediate
response. Immediate hypersensitivity reflects the permanent sensitization of mucosal mast …

Allergic rhinitis a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airways that has a major impact
on the quality of life of patients and is a socio-economic burden. Understanding the …

IL-4 was identified as the first cytokine to be produced by mast cells and is responsible for
promoting mast cell IL-13 production. IL-4 and IL-13 play a prominent role in stimulating and …

There is compelling evidence of a close relationship between the upper and lower airways
in asthma and rhinitis. Rhinitis is present in the majority of patients with asthma, and a …