Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Astrocytes, one of the largest glial cell population in the central nervous system (CNS), play
a key function in several events of brain development and function, such as synapse …

Over the last years, hypothalamic inflammation has been linked to the development and
progression of obesity and its sequelae. There is accumulating evidence that this …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause
of cognitive impairment. Due to insufficient understanding of the disease mechanisms, there …

Since its introduction 16 years ago, the astrocyte–neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) model has
profoundly modified our understanding of neuroenergetics by bringing a cellular and …

Oxidative and nitrosative stress underlie the pathogenesis of a broad range of human
diseases, in particular neurodegenerative disorders. Within the brain, neurons are the cells …

Neurons have been long regarded as the basic functional cells of the brain, whereas
astrocytes and microglia only as elements of support. However, proper intercommunication …

Metabolic signals are used for imaging and spectroscopic studies of brain function and
disease and to elucidate the cellular basis of neuroenergetics. The major fuel for activated …

Cerebral energy metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) has recently been given increasing
attention. This study focuses on the alterations of cerebral lactate metabolism in the double …

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, in the central
nervous system (CNS) is seen both as a normal physiological response as well as a …