The presence of cell and tissue barriers together with the low biomembrane permeability of
various therapeutics often hampers systemic drug distribution; thus, most of the available …

Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in mammals include c-Jun NH 2-terminal
kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These enzymes …

Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features of chronic
neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Both conditions can lead to …

c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a family of protein kinases that play a central role in
stress signaling pathways implicated in gene expression, neuronal plasticity, regeneration …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) known as protein translocation
domains (PTD), membrane translocating sequences (MTS), or Trojan peptides (TP) are able …

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a pattern recognition receptor
signaling event, has been associated with several human illnesses, including …

Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers have been accepted as major neurotoxic agents in the therapy of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been shown that the activity of nicotinamide adenine …

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway is a conserved response to a wide
range of internal and external cellular stress signals. Beside the stress response, the JNK …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) is an essential negative
regulator of MAPKs by dephosphorylating MAPKs at both tyrosine and threonine residues …