The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized membrane region in the axon of neurons
where action potentials are initiated. Crucial to the function of the AIS is the presence of …

Many animals use the interaural time differences (ITDs) to locate the source of low frequency
sounds. The place coding theory proposed by Jeffress has long been a dominant model to …

Page 1 Auditory Neuroscience Making Sense of Sound Jan Schnupp, Israel Nelken, and
Andrew King Page 2 Auditory Neuroscience Page 3 Page 4 Auditory Neuroscience Making …

Throughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding
predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment …

Traditionally, the calyx of Held synapse is viewed as a highly reliable relay in the sound
localization circuit of the auditory brainstem, with every presynaptic action potential …

Neurons in the medial superior olive process sound-localization cues via binaural
coincidence detection, in which excitatory synaptic inputs from each ear are segregated onto …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) process microsecond interaural time
differences, the major cue for localizing low-frequency sounds, by comparing the relative …

Although ears capable of detecting airborne sound have arisen repeatedly and
independently in different species, most animals that are capable of hearing have a pair of …

Non‐Technical Summary Spiking neurones generate action potentials when the
transmembrane voltage difference near the spike generating zone reaches a threshold …

Our general understanding of neuronal function is that dendrites receive information that is
transmitted to the axon, where action potentials (APs) are initiated and propagated to …