The two languages of a bilingual speaker are interconnected and mutually influence
linguistic forms and structures. This study presents a case in which two languages in contact …

Recent exposure to a second or foreign language (FL) can influence production and/or
perception in the first language (L1), a phenomenon referred to as phonetic drift. The …

Fifty-six Portuguese speakers born and raised in Brazil produced Portuguese words
beginning in one of four plosives,/pbk ɡ/. Twenty-eight of them were monolinguals …

This chapter reports on the status of heritage languages (HLs) in Canada in usage, in
research and in education. It begins with an overview of HLs in Canada and the current …

When speaking their heritage language, heritage speakers typically sound much like other
“native speakers.” However, recent studies have found that heritage speakers (HSs) are …

Two acoustic studies were carried out with L1 Polish learners of English. One study
examined L1 phonetic drift, comparing learners of L2 English who were undergoing …

English is an official language in the Philippines, along with Filipino, a standardized register
originally based on Tagalog (Gonzalez 1998). The Philippines were a Spanish colony for …

Heritage speakers contend with at least two languages: the less dominant first language
(L1), that is, the heritage language, and the more dominant second language (L2). In some …

The present study examines the extent of crosslinguistic influence from English as a
dominant language in the perception of the Korean lenis–aspirated contrast among Korean …

Heritage language speakers often feel discouraged from using their heritage language
because they are told they do not speak it well. This book offsets such views by investigating …