Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder commonly encountered in clinical
practice, and is the leading cause of disability in elderly people. Due to the poor self-healing …

Although several major progresses have been introduced in the field of bone regenerative
medicine during the years, current therapies, such as bone grafts, still have many limitations …

▪ Abstract Mouse embryonic stem cells are continuous cell lines derived directly from the
fetal founder tissue of the preimplantation embryo. They can be expanded in culture while …

The discovery of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells> 20 years ago represented a major
advance in biology and experimental medicine, as it enabled the routine manipulation of the …

Abstract Treatment of delayed union, malunion, and nonunion is a challenge to the
orthopaedic surgeons in veterinary and human fields. Apart from restoration of alignment …

Cartilage tissue engineering is emerging as a technique for the regeneration of cartilage
tissue damaged due to disease or trauma. Since cartilage lacks regenerative capabilities, it …

Articular cartilage repair and regeneration continue to be largely intractable because of the
poor regenerative properties of this tissue. The field of articular cartilage tissue engineering …

Stem cells represent natural units of embryonic development and tissue regeneration.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells, in particular, possess a nearly unlimited self-renewal capacity …

When cultured in suspension without antidifferentiation factors, embryonic stem (ES) cells
spontaneously differentiate and form three-dimensional multicellular aggregates called …

Extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) is a rapidly developing technique that has made
substantial progress in the fabrication of constructs for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) …