In this paper we examine the physical foundations and theoretical development of the kappa
distribution, which arises naturally from non-extensive Statistical Mechanics. The kappa …

Statistical mechanics constitutes one of the pillars of contemporary physics. Recognized as
such-together with mechanics (classical, quantum, relativistic), electromagnetism and …

Metaphors, generalizations and unifications are natural and desirable ingredients of the
evolution of scientific theories and concepts. Physics, in particular, obviously walks along …

As early as 1902, Gibbs pointed out that systems whose partition function diverges, eg
gravitation, lie outside the validity of the Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) theory. Consistently, since …

Many health systems over the world have collapsed due to limited capacity and a dramatic
increase of suspected COVID-19 cases. What has emerged is the need for finding an …

Granular materials such as sand, powders and foams are ubiquitous in daily life and in
industrial and geotechnical applications,,,. These disordered systems form stable structures …

The simplest molecules in nature, molecular hydrogen ions in the form of H2+ and HD+,
provide an important benchmark system for tests of quantum electrodynamics in complex …

Definition The concept of entropy constitutes, together with energy, a cornerstone of
contemporary physics and related areas. It was originally introduced by Clausius in 1865 …

q-Gaussians are probability distributions having their origin in the framework of Tsallis
statistics. A continuous real parameter q is characterizing them so that, in the range 1< q< 3 …

The nonadditive entropy S q has been introduced in 1988 focusing on a generalization of
Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics. The aim was to cover a (possibly wide) class of …