The radiation from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) creates photodissociation regions
(PDRs) and X-ray-dominated regions (XDRs), where the chemistry or heating is dominated …

In recent years, exciting developments have taken place in the identification of the role of
cosmic rays in star-forming environments. Observations from radio to infrared wavelengths …

The inner∼ 200 pc region of the Galaxy contains a 4 million M⊙ supermassive black hole
(SMBH), significant quantities of molecular gas, and star formation and cosmic-ray energy …

We measure the low-J CO line ratios R 21≡ CO (2–1)/CO (1–0), R 32≡ CO (3–2)/CO (2–1),
and R 31≡ CO (3–2)/CO (1–0) using whole-disk CO maps of nearby galaxies. We draw CO …

Star formation is a fundamental process for galactic evolution. One issue over the last
several decades has been determining whether star formation is induced by external …

One of the proposed scenarios for the origin of life is the primordial RNA world, which
considers that RNA molecules were likely responsible for the storage of genetic information …

The inner few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way harbours gas densities, pressures, velocity
dispersions, an interstellar radiation field and a cosmic ray ionization rate orders of …

Star formation is primarily controlled by the interplay between gravity, turbulence, and
magnetic fields. However, the turbulence and magnetic fields in molecular clouds near the …

Context. The gas kinetic temperature (TK) determines the physical and chemical evolution of
the interstellar medium (ISM). However, obtaining reliable TK estimates usually requires …

Non-thermal particles and high-energy radiation can play a role in the dynamical processes
in star-forming regions and provide an important piece of the multiwavelength observational …