The smallest viable unit of life is the cell. From bacteria to mammals, all cells use the same
nucleic acid-based universal code for the maintenance and inheritance of genetic …

The intron–exon architecture of many eukaryotic genes raises the intriguing question of
whether this unique organization serves any function, or is it simply a result of the spread of …

Complete genomic sequences from diverse phylogenetic lineages reveal notable increases
in genome complexity from prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes. The changes include …

Leishmania species cause a spectrum of human diseases in tropical and subtropical
regions of the world. We have sequenced the 36 chromosomes of the 32.8-megabase …

All organisms adapt to changes in their environment by adjustments in gene expression,
and in all organisms, from Escherichia coli to man, the most important control point is at …

Unicellular flagellates of the family Trypanosomatidae are obligatory parasites of
invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. Dixenous species are aetiological agents of a number …

Trypanosoma brucei provides an excellent system for studies of many aspects of cell
biology, including cell structure and morphology, organelle positioning, cell division and …

Background Photosynthetic euglenids are major contributors to fresh water ecosystems.
Euglena gracilis in particular has noted metabolic flexibility, reflected by an ability to thrive in …

Transcription of protein-coding genes in trypanosomes is polycistronic and gene expression
is primarily regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Sequence motifs in the …

Pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is a central step in gene expression. Lying
between transcription and protein synthesis, pre-mRNA splicing removes sequences …