Thyroid hormones (THs) are well-known regulators of development and metabolism in
vertebrates. There is increasing evidence that THs are also involved in gonadal …

Teleost fishes are the most species-rich clade of vertebrates and feature an overwhelming
diversity of sex-determining mechanisms, classically grouped into environmental and …

Background Stress and anxiety-related behaviors are seen in many organisms. Studies
have shown that in humans and other animals, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake …

Estrogens affect brain development of vertebrates, not only by impacting activity and
morphology of existing circuits, but also by modulating embryonic and adult neurogenesis …

Background Male and female vertebrates typically differ in a range of characteristics, from
morphology to physiology to behavior, which are influenced by factors such as the social …

Estrogens are known as steroid hormones affecting the brain in many different ways and a
wealth of data now document effects on neurogenesis. Estrogens are provided by the …

In adult fish, neurogenesis occurs in many areas of the brain, including the cerebellum, with
the ratio of newly formed cells relative to the total number of brain cells being several orders …

In contrast to our understanding of testicular differentiation, ovarian differentiation is less well
understood in vertebrates. In mammals, R-spondin1 (Rspo1), an activator of Wnt/β-catenin …

To dissect the molecular and cellular basis of sexual differentiation of the teleost brain,
which maintains marked sexual plasticity throughout life, we examined sex differences in …

Estrogen synthesis and signaling in the brains of vertebrates has pleotropic effects ranging
from neurogenesis to modulation of behaviors. The majority of studies on brain‐derived …