Abstract α‐Amino acids are essential molecular constituents of life, twenty of which are
privileged because they are encoded by the ribosomal machinery. The question remains …

Cellular membranes, predominantly described as a dynamic bilayer, are composed of
different lipids, transmembrane proteins, and carbohydrates. Most research on biological …

In this work hydrogen bonding in a diverse set of 36 unnatural and the three natural Watson
Crick base pairs adenine (A)–thymine (T), adenine (A)–uracil (U) and guanine (G)–cytosine …

A central question in the evolution of the modern translation machinery is the origin and
chemical ethology of the amino acids prescribed by the genetic code. The RNA World …

Due to the heterocyclic structure and distinct conformational profile, proline is unique in the
repertoire of the 20 amino acids coded into proteins. Here, we summarize the biochemical …

Among other features, the polarity of amino acid residues is the key parameter for
understanding their role in proteins. The wide occurrence of protein modifications in nature …

Due to the rapid emergence of multi-resistant bacterial strains in recent decades, the
commercially available effective antibiotics are becoming increasingly limited. On the other …

Fluorinated amino acids serve as an entry point for establishing new-to-Nature chemistries
in biological systems, and novel methods are needed for the selective synthesis of these …

Since the development of recombinant DNA technologies, the need to establish biosafety
and biosecurity measures to control genetically modified organisms has been clear …

d-Amino acids can have major effects on the structure, proteolytic stability, and bioactivity of
peptides. Proteusin radical S-adenosyl methionine epimerases regioselectively install such …