I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Bacterial biofilms are associated with a wide range of infections, from those related to
exogenous devices, such as catheters or prosthetic joints, to chronic tissue infections such …

Infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria continues to be the primary challenge to
humanity. Antimicrobial resistance and microbial biofilm formation in part, lead to treatment …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review explores recent discoveries in our understanding of
how biofilms and superantigens contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis …

Chronic rhinosinusitis is an upper respiratory disease during which topical drug treatment
via the nasal cavity is the most actively utilized therapeutic strategy. In addition to steroids …

BackgroundNasal irrigation is commonly performed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study systematically assessed the clinical …

Bacterial resistance is a growing phenomenon which led the scientific community to search
for new therapeutic targets, such as biofilm. A bacterial biofilm is a surface‐associated …

An important role has been recently reported for bacterial biofilm in the pathophysiology of
chronic diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS, affecting sinonasal mucosa, is …

Background Topical antibiotic therapies have been investigated for their use in chronic
rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, society guidelines and evidence‐based medicine reviews …

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects millions of patients worldwide. The disease
is multifactorial with influences including anatomic factors, immunological disturbances, and …