Modelling the transport of cosmic rays (CRs) in the heliosphere represents a global
challenge in the field of heliophysics, in that such a study, if it were to be performed from first …

This review summarizes the current state of research aiming at a description of the global
heliosphere using both analytical and numerical modeling efforts, particularly in view of the …

Composition and spectra of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are vital for studies of high-energy
processes in a variety of environments and on different scales, for interpretation of γ-ray and …

Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock of the supersonic flow of the solar wind on 16
December 2004 at a distance of 94.01 astronomical units from the Sun, becoming the first …

We report measurements of energetic (> 40 kiloelectron volts) charged particles on Voyager
1 from the interface region between the heliosheath, dominated by heated solar plasma, and …

Voyager 1 (V1) began measuring precursor energetic ions and electrons from the
heliospheric termination shock (TS) in July 2002. During the ensuing 2.5 years, average …

Using an absorption cell, we measured the Doppler shifts of the interstellar hydrogen
resonance glow to show the direction of the neutral hydrogen flow as it enters the inner …

The long-anticipated encounter by Voyager 2 (V2) of the region between the heliosphere
and the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) occurred toward the end of 2018. Here, we …

The exploration of interplanetary space and our solar bubble, the heliosphere, has made a
big leap over the past two decades, due to the path-breaking observations of the two …

Broad regions on both sides of the solar wind termination shock are populated by high
intensities of non-thermal ions and electrons. The pre-shock particles in the solar wind have …