Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous
system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB …

Traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery usually cause severe side effects
and excruciating pain. The emergence of nanomedicines and minimally invasive therapies …

Inflammation plays an important role in the response to danger signals arising from damage
to our body and in restoring homeostasis. Dysregulated inflammatory responses occur in …

Inorganic nanomaterials that have inherently exceptional physicochemical properties (eg,
catalytic, optical, thermal, electrical, or magnetic performance) that can provide desirable …

Bone fractures are often companied with poor bone healing and high rates of infection. Early
recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for initiating efficient bone repair …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various physiological
functions of living organisms. The intrinsic biochemical properties of ROS, which underlie …

The nonradiative conversion of light energy into heat (photothermal therapy, PTT) or sound
energy (photoacoustic imaging, PAI) has been intensively investigated for the treatment and …

Piezoelectric materials, with their unique ability for mechanical‐electrical energy conversion,
have been widely applied in important fields such as sensing, energy harvesting …

Successful regeneration of large segmental bone defects remains a major challenge in
clinical orthopedics, thus it is of important significance to fabricate a suitable alternative …

Photoactivation therapy based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy
(PTT) has been identified as a tumour ablation modality for numerous cancer indications …