Over the past 50 years, researchers in the United States and abroad have debated the
inherent inequities within justice systems that contribute to the underreporting of crime to the …

Like past editions, this ninth edition of Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences
is a user-friendly introduction to the study of social inequality. This book conveys the …

Objectives Police-recorded crimes are used by police forces to document community
differences in crime and design spatially targeted strategies. Nevertheless, crimes known to …

Data-driven algorithms are studied and deployed in diverse domains to support critical
decisions, directly impacting people's well-being. As a result, a growing community of …

Sanctuary jurisdictions have existed in the United States since the 1980s. They have
recently reentered US politics and engendered contentious debates regarding their legality …

Research on race effects in police traffic stops is theoretically underdeveloped. In this study,
we derive propositions from Donald Black's theory of law to explain the interaction effects of …

This research investigates the source of Black–White differences in drug arrests by
conducting a neighborhood-level test of the differential police scrutiny and racially …

For decades, criminologists have been aware of the severe consequences of the dark figure
of police records for crime prevention strategies. Crime surveys are developed to address …

Re-offense risk is considered in decision-making at many stages of the criminal justice
system, from pre-trial, to sentencing, to parole. To aid decision-makers in their assessments …

Police departments around the world have been experimenting with forms of place-based
data-driven proactive policing for over two decades. Modern incarnations of such systems …