Covering: 2017–2019 Guanidine natural products isolated from microorganisms, marine
invertebrates and terrestrial plants, amphibians and spiders, represented by non-ribosomal …

Toads of the genus Atelopus are chemically defended by a unique combination of
endogenously synthesized cardiotoxins (bufadienolides) and neurotoxins which may be …

Understanding parasite transmission in communities requires knowledge of each species'
capacity to support transmission. This property,'competence', is a critical currency for …

Classical research on animal toxicity has focused on the role of toxins in protection against
predators, but recent studies suggest these same compounds can offer a powerful defense …

The natural history and pharmacology of tetrodotoxin (TTX) has long intrigued biologists.
This toxin has a remarkable distribution that spans two domains of life (Bacteria and …

A fundamental goal of disease ecology is to determine the landscape and environmental
processes that drive disease dynamics at different biological levels to guide management …

The location of parasites within individual hosts is often treated as a static trait, yet many
parasite species can occur in multiple locations or organs within their hosts. Here, we apply …

Eutrophication of aquatic habitats has become a global problem, with implications for host–
parasite dynamics. Blooms of certain cyanobacteria are associated with cyanotoxins …

Animals that frequently encounter toxins often develop mechanisms of toxin resistance over
evolutionary time. Both predators that consume toxic prey and organisms in physical contact …

Hosts have two general strategies for mitigating the fitness costs of parasite exposure and
infection: resistance and tolerance. The resistance-tolerance framework has been well …