Challenge with specific microbial stimuli induces long lasting epigenetic changes in innate
immune cells that result in their enhanced response to a second challenge by the same or …

Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is the only currently available vaccine against tuberculosis
(TB), but it confers incomplete and variable protection against pulmonary TB in humans and …

Background Vaccines induce antigen-specific memory in adaptive immune cells that
enables long-lived protection against the target pathogen. In addition to this, several …

Background Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is over three times as common
in men as it is in women; however, female patients do not respond as well to …

Background Studies in low-income countries have shown that among Bacille Calmette-
Guérin (BCG) vaccinated children, those who develop a BCG-scar have significantly better …

In this paper, we attempt to set a framework of conditions for model-specific predictions of
newly arising TB epidemics by eg immigration of infected persons from high prevalence …

In many countries where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic, the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)
vaccine is given as close to birth as possible to protect infants and children from severe …

Abstract Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live-attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis
that protects against mycobacterial diseases, including tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy. BCG …

The BCG vaccine is given to millions of children globally but efficacy wanes over time and
differences in the immune systems between infants and adults can influence vaccine …

Abstract Background The mechanisms underlying Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine's
protective effects against tuberculosis (TB) are incompletely understood but are proposed to …