The skeleton is an exquisitely sensitive and archetypal T3-target tissue that demonstrates
the critical role for thyroid hormones during development, linear growth, and adult bone …

Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on
the cell type, can be activated (ie, T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (ie, T3 to 3, 3′-diiodo-l …

The nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone begin at receptors in the plasma membrane,
mitochondria or cytoplasm. These receptors can share structural homologies with nuclear …

Steroid hormone receptors mediate numerous crucial biological processes and are
classically thought to function as transcriptional regulators in the nucleus. However, it has …

Thyroid hormones (TH) are endocrine messengers essential for normal development and
function of virtually every vertebrate. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is exquisitely …

The cellular influx and efflux of thyroid hormones are facilitated by transmembrane protein
transporters. Of these transporters, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is the only one …

The hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone
(TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the …

Over the past few years, growing evidence suggests direct crosstalk between thyroid
hormones (THs) and the immune system. Components of the immune system were …

Current literature makes a distinction between two pathways for thyroid hormone signaling:
genomic and nongenomic. However, this classification is a source of confusion. We propose …

Changes of the electrical charges across the surface cell membrane are absolutely
necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis in physiological as well as in pathological …