Recently, electric vehicle (EV) technology has received massive attention worldwide due to
its improved performance efficiency and significant contributions to addressing carbon …

Global warming, pollution, and the depletion of fossil fuels have compelled human beings to
explore alternate sources of energy and cleaner modes of transport. In recent years …

Electric vehicles (EVs) are quickly becoming a staple of smart transportation in applications
involving smart cities due to their ability to reduce carbon footprints. However, the …

In this paper, a two-stage equilibrium topology based on the Buck-Boost circuit is proposed
to solve the problem of inconsistency of series lithium-ion battery packs. The equalization …

Active balancing techniques have become increasingly popular for mitigating voltage
mismatches in series-connected lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. These techniques outperform …

The battery pack performance and expected lifespan are crucial in electric vehicle
applications. Balancing the charge on a battery pack connected in series and parallel is …

Battery balancing technologies are a crucial mech anism for the safe operation of
electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, balancing …

Electric vehicle technology has recently drawn a lot of interest on a global scale due to
improved performance in its efficiency and the capability to solve the problems of carbon …

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their low emissions,
energy efficiency, and reduced reliance on fossil fuels. One of the most critical components …

The automotive electronic throttle (AET) control system has been widely applied in modern
automotive engines, and accurate control of AET can improve engine performance as well …