Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) provides a bloodless field for cardiac surgery. It
incorporates an extracorporeal circuit to provide physiological support in which venous …

Neurologic complications after cardiac surgery are of growing importance for an aging
surgical population. In this review, we provide a critical appraisal of the impact of current …

Objective: Epinephrine has been the primary drug for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
for more than a century. The therapeutic rationale was to restore threshold levels of …

Background—Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a mechanism protecting tissues from injury
during ischemia and reperfusion. Remote IPC (RIPC) can be elicited by applying brief …

Accidental hypothermia is defined as an unintentional decrease in core body temperature to
below 35° C. Hypothermia causes hundreds of deaths in the United States annually. Victims …

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between early hypocarbia and 18-to 22-month
outcome among neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. STUDY DESIGN: Data …

OBJECTIVES: Stage 1 palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome requires the interruption
of whole-body perfusion. Delayed reflow in the cerebral circulation secondary to prolonged …

Objectives: Both epinephrine and vasopressin increase aortic and carotid arterial pressure
when administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, we recently …

Hypothermia is defined as a decrease in body core temperature to below 35° C. In cardiac
surgery, four stages of hypothermia are distinguished: mild, moderate, deep, and profound …

Arch surgery is undoubtedly among the most technically and strategically challenging
endeavours in aortic surgery, requiring thorough understanding not only of cardiovascular …