Metals are the oldest toxins known to humans. Metals differ from other toxic substances in
that they are neither created nor destroyed by humans (Casarett and Doull's, Toxicology: the …

Exposure to environmental contaminants during pregnancy has been linked to adverse
outcomes at birth and later in life. The link between prenatal exposures and latent health …

The high temperature, acidity, and heavy metal-rich environments associated with hot
springs have a major impact on biological processes in resident cells. One group of …

Tremendous efforts have been directed to investigate the ontogeny of drug transporters in
fetuses, neonates, infants, and children based on their importance for understanding drug …

The placenta serves as the interface between the maternal and fetal circulations and
regulates the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. When exogenous …

Although the molecular mechanisms underlying methylmercury toxicity are not entirely
understood, the observed neurotoxicity in early-life is attributed to the covalent binding of …

Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in placental development; however, abnormal
loads in oxidative stress molecules may overwhelm the placental defense mechanisms and …

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a long-lasting organic environmental pollutant that poses a great
threat to human health. Ingestion of seafood containing MeHg is the most important way by …

Ultrashort peptides (USPs), consisting of 2–7 amino-acid residues, are a group of signaling
molecules that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis under normal conditions in …

Aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and citrinin commonly occur naturally in the environment and
contaminate food/feed. The prevalence of aflatoxins is greater in Africa and Southeast Asia …