BACKGROUND The interdisciplinary field of animal coloration is growing rapidly, spanning
questions about the diverse ways that animals use pigments and structures to generate …

Animal camouflage has long been used to illustrate the power of natural selection, and
provides an excellent testbed for investigating the trade‐offs affecting the adaptive value of …

Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to
avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of …

Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

Animal colour patterns are a model system for understanding evolution because they are
unusually accessible for study and experimental manipulation. This is possible because …

Predator–prey ecology and the study of animal cognition and culture have emerged as
independent disciplines. Research combining these disciplines suggests that both animal …

Warning coloration are common defense strategies used by animals to deter predators.
Pestilential gregarious locusts exhibit a notable black-brown pattern as a form of warning …

Abstract Models mimicking prey organisms are increasingly used in ecological studies,
including testing fundamental ecological and evolutionary theories. The general consensus …

Camouflage is one of the most widespread forms of anti-predator defence and prevents prey
individuals from being detected or correctly recognized by would-be predators. Over the past …

Animals have evolved different defensive strategies to survive predation, among which
chemical defences are particularly widespread and diverse. Here we investigate the function …