Highlights•New plant viruses diseases emerge periodically in crops.•These viruses jump
species from other crops, or from wild plants.•The role of biodiversity loss, or ecosystem …

Processes that occur both within and between hosts can influence the ecological and
evolutionary dynamics of symbionts, a broad term that includes parasitic and disease …

Highlights•Wild bee decline is a multi-factorial problem.•Assessment of the effect of a single
driver within the context of accompanying stressors is crucial.•Disturbance of natural host …

Host age is one of the most striking differences among hosts within most populations, but
there is very little data on how age‐dependent effects impact ecological and evolutionary …

Background Since it was first described in the early 1980s, psittacine beak and feather
disease (PBFD) has become recognised as the dominant viral pathogen of psittacine birds …

1. Hosts are often targeted by multiple species of parasites, leading to a confluence of
selective pressures on them. In response, hosts may either evolve defences that act very …

Immune memory evolved to protect hosts from reinfection, but incomplete responses that
allow future reinfection may inadvertently select for more-harmful pathogens. We present …

Parasites are viewed as a major threat to wild pollinator health. While this may be true for
epidemics driven by parasite spillover from managed or invasive species, the picture is more …

Pathogens pose a major risk to wild host populations, especially in the face of ongoing
biodiversity declines. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) can affect most if not all …

Phenotypic variation is common in most pathogens, yet the mechanisms that maintain this
diversity are still poorly understood. We asked whether continuous host variation in …