Since the discovery of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the 1980s, a large body of work has led to its
recognition as a pleiotropic immunomodulatory cytokine that affects both the innate and …

Aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in preventive vaccines against infectious
diseases and in preparations for allergy immunotherapy. The mechanism by which they …

Allergen immunotherapy can desensitize even subjects with potentially lethal allergies, but
the changes induced in T cells that underpin successful immunotherapy remain poorly …

Immune tolerance is critical to the avoidance of unwarranted immune responses against self
antigens. Multiple, non-redundant checkpoints are in place to prevent such potentially …

Aluminium salts are by far the most commonly used adjuvants in vaccines. There are only
two aluminium salts which are used in clinically-approved vaccines, Alhydrogel® and …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells in a
process mediated primarily by T lymphocytes. The T1D research community has made …

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
However, it is also produced in other sites; notably by pancreatic β cells and immune cells …

Recent interest in testing whether the success of antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) for
autoimmune diseases in mice can be translated to humans has highlighted the need for …

Objective Treatments have failed to delay or stop the autoimmune process, preceding onset
of type 1 diabetes. We investigated if autoantigen‐specific treatment with alum‐formulated …

Abstract Purpose of Review The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine was first reported
to lower daily insulin dose and improve glycemic control in patients with new-onset type 1 …