Contents Summary I. Introduction II. Cold stress and physiological responses in plants III.
Sensing of cold signals in plants IV. Messenger molecules involved in cold signal …

Unpredicted variability in temperature is associated with frequent extreme low-temperature
events. Wheat is a leading crop in fulfilling global food requirements. Climate-driven …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Plants are constantly confronted to both abiotic and biotic stresses that seriously reduce their
productivity. Plant responses to these stresses are complex and involve numerous …

The members of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) family are among the most
abundantly produced proteins in plants on pathogen attack, and PR-1 gene expression has …

Plant responses to different stresses are highly complex and involve changes at the
transcriptome, cellular, and physiological levels. Recent evidence shows that plants respond …

NAC transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in
plants, and members of the NAC gene family have been suggested to play important roles in …

The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1, 2 and CUC2) proteins constitute a major transcription
factor family renowned for their roles in several developmental programs. Despite their …

Apart from water availability, low temperature is the most important environmental factor
limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of plants across the world. To cope …

Being sessile, plants rely on intricate signaling pathways to mount an efficient defense
against external threats while maintaining the cost balance for growth. Transcription factors …