Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive
and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to …

Macrophages are immune cells of haematopoietic origin that provide crucial innate immune
defence and have tissue-specific functions in the regulation and maintenance of organ …

The stromal compartment of the tumor microenvironment consists of a heterogeneous set of
tissue-resident and tumor-infiltrating cells, which are profoundly moulded by cancer cells. An …

Tissue-resident macrophages are present in most tissues with developmental, self-renewal,
or functional attributes that do not easily fit into a textbook picture of a plastic and …

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) derive from fetal liver monocytes, which colonize the lung
during embryonic development and give rise to fully mature AMs perinatally. AM …

Extensive transcriptional and ontogenetic diversity exists among normal tissue-resident
macrophages, with unique transcriptional profiles endowing the cells with tissue-specific …

Our assumptions on the identity and functions of Langerhans cells (LCs) of the epidermis
have undergone considerable changes. Once thought to be prototypic representatives of the …

In the last few decades, our understanding of Langerhans cells (LCs) has drastically
changed based on novel findings regarding the developmental origin and biological …

Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) encompass a highly diverse set of cells abundantly
present in every tissue and organ. RTMs are recognized as central players in innate immune …

The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a diverse array of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP)
subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC), monocytes and tissue-resident …