Herein we review what is known about the chemical ecology of poison frogs with a focus on
dendrobatid poison frogs. While five anuran families are known to have an alkaloid-derived …

The role of colours and colour patterns in behavioural ecology has been extensively studied
in a variety of contexts and taxa, while almost overlooked in many others. For decades …

Despite the impressive growth of knowledge on the phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison
frogs and their relatives (Dendrobatoidea) over the past decade, many problems remain to …

Antipredator defenses and warning signals typically evolve in concert. However, the
extensive variation across taxa in both these components of predator deterrence and the …

The initial evolution of warning signals in unprofitable prey, termed aposematism, is often
seen as a paradox because any new conspicuous mutant would be easier to detect than its …

It is commonly assumed that natural selection imposed by predators is the prevailing force
driving the evolution of aposematic traits. Here, we demonstrate that aposematic signals are …

Complex phenotypes can be modeled as networks of component traits connected by
genetic, developmental, or functional interactions. Aposematism, which has evolved multiple …

Brightly colored poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae contain an alkaloid-based
chemical defense against predation. The bright coloration of these frogs is generally …

Many animals advertise their chemical defense to predators with conspicuous coloration
and unpalatability, but little is known about the information in these signal elements. To …

The origin of new species can be influenced by both deterministic and stochastic factors.
Mate choice and natural selection may be important deterministic causes of speciation (as …