Human topoisomerases comprise a family of six enzymes: two type IB (TOP1 and
mitochondrial TOP1 (TOP1MT), two type IIA (TOP2A and TOP2B) and two type IA (TOP3A …

DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) are amongst the commonest DNA lesions arising in cells,
with many tens of thousands induced in each cell each day. SSBs arise not only from …

Topoisomerases introduce transient DNA breaks to relax supercoiled DNA, remove
catenanes and enable chromosome segregation. Human cells encode six topoisomerases …

Neurons are highly susceptible to DNA damage accumulation due to their large energy
requirements, elevated transcriptional activity, and long lifespan. While newer research has …

Irinotecan and topotecan have been widely used as anticancer drugs for the past 20 years.
Because of their selectivity as topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors that trap TOP1 cleavage …

The integrity of our genetic material is under constant attack from numerous endogenous
and exogenous agents. The consequences of a defective DNA damage response are well …

Covalent DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) are pervasive DNA lesions that interfere with
essential chromatin processes such as transcription or replication. This review strives to …

DNA damage created by endogenous or exogenous genotoxic agents can exist in multiple
forms, and if allowed to persist, can promote genome instability and directly lead to various …

Genetic information is constantly being attacked by intrinsic and extrinsic damaging agents,
such as reactive oxygen species, atmospheric radiation, environmental chemicals, and …

Topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that control DNA supercoiling and entanglements.
They are essential during transcription and replication, and topoisomerase inhibitors are …