Comparative studies on brain asymmetry date back to the 19th century but then largely
disappeared due to the assumption that lateralization is uniquely human. Since the …

How does consciousness vary across the animal kingdom? Are some animals 'more
conscious' than others? This article presents a multidimensional framework for …

Birch and colleagues have developed an important and useful framework for evaluating the
evidence for sentience–namely, the capacity to experience pain, distress and suffering, in …

A new theory about the origins of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in
the evolutionary transition to basic consciousness. What marked the evolutionary transition …

Neuroscience has focused on the detailed implementation of computation, studying neural
codes, dynamics and circuits. In machine learning, however, artificial neural networks tend …

INTRODUCTION The mammalian neocortex, with its distinctive six-layered structure, is
thought to enable advanced cognitive functions not seen in other animals. Yet birds, which …

INTRODUCTION For more than a century, the avian forebrain has been a riddle for
neuroscientists. Birds demonstrate exceptional cognitive abilities comparable to those of …

Neuromorphic circuits emulating the bio‐brain functionality via artificial devices have
achieved a substantial scientific leap in the past decade. However, even with the advent of …

Perception is characterized by a reciprocal exchange of predictions and prediction error
signals between neural regions. However, the relationship between such sensory mismatch …

Invertebrate animals are frequently lumped into a single category and denied welfare
protections despite their considerable cognitive, behavioral, and evolutionary diversity …