Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous molecule that is extremely conserved
structurally and plays a systemic role in human organism. TGF-β is a homodimeric molecule …

Wound healing is a crucial but complex process that represents an onerous burden on both
individuals and the healthcare system in the alarming growth of chronic diseases. Infection …

5Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China 6Key Laboratory of Immune Response and …

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a critical complication of diabetes, but the wound
microenvironment and its healing process are not completely understood. In this study, we …

Diabetic wounds are a common complication of diabetes. The prolonged exposure to high
glucose and oxidative stress in the wound environment increases the risk of bacterial …

Hydrogels can possess desired biochemical and mechanical properties, excellent
biocompatibility, satisfactory biodegradability, and biological capabilities that promote skin …

Wound healing in diabetic patients, particularly diabetic wound, poses a substantial
challenge compared to typical wounds and can frequently worsen, potentially leading to …

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) holds great promise for enhancing the wound
healing process; however, its clinical application is hindered by its low stability and the …

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a common and challenging wound in clinical practice.
The treatment of DFUs is hindered by various factors, including increased inflammation …

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-sensitive transcription factor, regulates
proangiogenic mediators, and antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. However, hitherto its …