Background The aim of this study is to describe the major evolutionary historical events
among Leishmania, sandflies, and the associated animal reservoirs in detail, in accordance …

Phlebotomines are the sole or principal vectors of Leishmania, Bartonella bacilliformis, and
some arboviruses. The coevolution of sand flies with Leishmania species of mammals and …

Traditionally, taxonomic identification has relied upon morphological characters. In the last
two decades, molecular tools based on DNA sequences of short standardised gene …

Background Rodents are reservoirs and hosts for several zoonotic diseases such as plague,
leptospirosis, and leishmaniasis. Rapid development of industry and agriculture, as well as …

Recently diverged species are challenging for identification, yet they are frequently of
special interest scientifically as well as from a regulatory perspective. DNA barcoding has …

The taxonomy and systematics of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are one
of the pillars of research aimed to identifying vector populations and the agents transmitted …

Background Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular maternally transmitted, gram-negative
bacterium which forms a spectrum of endosymbiotic relationships from parasitism to …

In this study, PCR assays targeting different Leishmania heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70)
regions, producing fragments ranging in size from 230-390 bp were developed and …

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) have biological relevance
as vectors of several pathogens. To ensure periodic entomological monitoring it is …

Sand flies include a group of insects that are of medical importance and that vary in
geographic distribution, ecology, and pathogen transmission. Approximately 163 species of …