Depending on cell type, environmental inputs, and disease, the cells in the human body can
have widely different sizes. In recent years, it has become clear that cell size is a major …

Symbiotic interactions were key to the evolution of chloroplast and mitochondria organelles,
which mediate carbon and energy metabolism in eukaryotes. Biological nitrogen fixation, the …

Given that crop yields are strongly limited by nitrogen, engineering crop plants with self-
nitrogen-fertilization capacity holds great promise for sustainable agriculture. Recently, a …

Mesoscale eddies influence the distribution of diazotrophic (nitrogen-fixing) cyanobacteria,
impacting marine productivity and carbon export. Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) …

The evolution of intracellular organelles by endosymbiosis is considered rare. Two recent
studies suggest that endosymbioses between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and eukaryotic algae …

Marine biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is crucial for introducing “new nitrogen” into the
oceans. Over the past 30 years, numerous laboratory and on-board culture experiments …

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings suffering from inappropriate growth substrate
stress will present poor seedling quality. However, the regulatory mechanism for the …

Eukaryotic cells are notably complex—for example, they have various organelles, which are
membrane-bound structures with specific functions. Two of these organelles, mitochondria …

Background: Dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group within the taxon Alveolata, which
comprises unicellular eukaryotes. Dinoflagellates have long been studied for their …

UCYN-A (Cand. Atelocyanobacterium thalassa) has recently been recognized as a globally-
distributed, early stage, nitrogen-fixing organelle (the 9nitroplast9) of cyanobacterial origin …