Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Orexins/hypocretins are hypothalamic peptides involved in arousal and wakefulness, but
also play a critical role in drug addiction and reward-related behaviors. Here, we review the …

Abstract Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is one of the major mental illnesses that is
terrifically intensifying worldwide. It is becoming overwhelming due to limited options for …

Orexins, or hypocretins, are excitatory neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding
behavior and the sleep and wakefulness states. Since their discovery, several lines of …

Orexins are neuropeptides that are exclusively produced by hypothalamic neurons, which
project throughout the entire brain. Orexin, also known as hypocretins, were initially …

Multiple homeostatic systems are regulated by orexin (hypocretin) peptides and their two
known GPCR s. Activation of orexin receptors promotes waking and is essential for …

Anhedonia is an elusive symptom in depression symptomatology. The present review
frames the notion of anhedonia as reduced ability to experience pleasure and diminished …

Highlights•Hypocretin modulates neural transmission in stress-related and reward-related
brain areas.•Interactions between hypocretin and CRF can produce negative affective …

Although originally implicated in appetite and sleep/wakefulness, the hypothalamic orexin
(hypocretin) system has now been demonstrably linked with motivated behavior. This highly …

Background: The Department of Health and Human Services reports that prescription pain
reliever (eg, oxycodone) misuse was initiated by 4,400 Americans each day in 2019. Amid …